Properties of milled zingiber officinale rosc (ginger) rhizome powder to coarse, fine and nano sizes and its effects on the storage stability of spent hen chicken / Norhidayah Abdullah

Z. officinale Rosc. (ginger) has been globally used and known to possess beneficial health properties due to the presence of various bioactive compounds. However, the poor absorption of these bioactive compounds is due to low water solubility, large particle size and complex chemical structure had restricted its bioactivity. The nanotechnology process has been reported as an advanced technology recently applied in food materials to increase the water solubility and improve bioactivity of the active ingredients. However, study on nanoparticle herbs is lacking, hence this study was conducted with the aimed to investigate the effect of nanotechnology process on physicochemical properties of nanoparticle Z. officinale rhizome powder. A study on the effect of this powder as a marinating agent on the storage stability of spent hen meat was also conducted. Physicochemical changes were determined using laser diffraction technique, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), The Fourier Transmittance IR (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Antioxidant content was estimated by Total Phenolic Content (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) while antioxidant activity was performed via ABTS Cation Decolorisation Assay (ABTS), DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays.

Pembangunan laman web matematik KBSM Bagi tajuk set menggunakan elemen multimedia ringkas

Tujuan projek ini dibangunkan adalah untuk membina laman web bagi tajuk set dalam mata pelajaran Matematik Tingkatan Empat KBSM mengikut huraian sukatan pelajaran yang ditetapkan oleh Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia dan menggunakan elemen multimedia ringkas. Pelajar Tingkatan Empat dijadikan sebagai kumpulan sasaran selain para guru yang mengajar tajuk ini. Laman web ini dibina dalam dua versi iaitu Bahasa Melayu dan Bahasa Inggeris. Ia bertujuan untuk dijadikan sebagai rujukan sampingan selain buku teks dan sebagai tutorial yang berkesan untuk pembelajaran kendiri yang selari dengan bahasa penyampaian di sekolah. Proses reka bentuk pengajaran dan pembangunan bagi laman web ini dibina berlandaskan Model Reka bentuk Instruksi Bersistem oleh Hannafin dan Peck. Macromedia Dreamweaver 8 digunakan dalam pembangunan laman web dan disokong oleh beberapa perisian suntingan multimedia yang lain. Diharapkan agar laman web ini dapat membantu pengguna dalam memahami dan menguasai tajuk set

Wet market wastewater regulatory framework in Malaysia

Wet markets are built by local government for residents to purchase their daily necessities and raw food. Many activities at the market produce large quantity of wastewater daily which adversely impacts the environment, particularly in the forms of odor pollution and water pollution as well as waterborne diseases. These problems are aggravated when there are no specific regulations to control the discharge. This study was conducted to assess the level of wastewater contamination in wet markets, propose the most effective treatment system and develop a wet market wastewater regulatory framework. In this study, wastewater from seven wet markets in Kuala Lumpur, Selangor and Melaka were analyzed to examine the discharge loading from the wet markets. The results from these samples were analyzed using Malaysian Sewerage Industry Guidelines (MSIG), to determine the best option of a wastewater treatment system. Interview and surveys were carried out to identify the best option for wastewater treatment. Results showed that the evaluated wastewater has exceeded the minimum requirements for Sewage Regulations 2009. Based on the MSIG approach, interview and survey, the best option for a wet market wastewater treatment system is the system with nine criteria comprising primary screen, sewage pump station, secondary screen, balancing tank, primary clarifier, biological system, final clarifier and finally disinfection stages. Results from the initial research were then used to develop the Wet Market Wastewater Regulatory Framework. In addition, questionnaire and interview were conducted with 30 selected respondents from government enforcement agencies, as well as interviews with officers from the Ministry For The Environment, New Zealand. The findings showed that the wet market Wastewater Regulatory Framework should includes six phases comprising quality inspection of effluent, check against regulatory standard, installation and maintenance of treatment system, processing, enforcement and regulations. In conclusion, it is recommended that wet markets in Malaysia adopt the framework for wastewater management to sustain the environment

Experimental evaluation of anti-stripping additives on porous asphalt mixtures

The open structure of porous asphalt mix influences its strength and durability against air, water and clogging materials. These factors cause loss of adhesion between binder-aggregate interface and loss of cohesion within the binder film. This could lead to stripping problem which contribute to premature failures as well as deterioration in the performance and service life of porous asphalt. Therefore, this study is aimed to evaluate the potential of diatomite as anti-stripping additives in porous asphalt and compared with hydrated lime and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy analysis (EDX) were conducted to investigate the microstructure and chemical composition of the anti-stripping additives. A number of gyratory compacted samples of porous asphalt mixture with Malaysian gradation were prepared. Each sample was incorporated with 2% of anti-stripping additives as filler then mixed with polymer modified bitumen of PG76. The samples were measured for air voids content, permeability rate, resilient modulus and abrasion loss. The results indicate that samples prepared with hydrated lime show higher permeability rate and lower abrasion loss compared to samples with OPC and diatomite. However, the samples prepared with diatomite show enhanced resilient modulus compared to those with hydrated lime and OPC

Knowledge Acquisition Mechanisms during New Technology Implementation Process of Malaysia’s Automotive Engineering Support Industry

Malaysia’s engineering support industry is crucial in supporting the country’s industry development because it is integrating to other economic sectors including manufacturing, construction, transportation and the primary industry. Players in this industry starting to upgrade their facilities and adopting new technologies to fulfill rigorous requirement of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) for parts and components along with precision engineering service. Beside technology adoption, knowledge is the main advantage of firm to compete in the turbulence and increasingly complex new business environment. This research aims to explain the specific knowledge acquisition mechanisms used for three knowledge level as proposed by previous researcher. Semi-structured interview was conducted in two participating automotive tooling companies in Selangor to collect data for the study. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo. Results of this study found that among the knowledge acquisition mechanisms for declarative knowledge mentioned by the interviewees are basic training, intellectual capital, pre-departure training and instructor manual. The knowledge acquisition mechanisms for procedure knowledge includes external OJT, hiring external expert, related working experience, local training, benchmarking and personal observation. Finally, the knowledge acquisition mechanisms for conditional knowledge includes continuous improvement, learning by doing, project review and trial and error.

Evaluating the cooling rate of hot mix asphalt in tropical climate

This paper aims to investigate the environmental effect on cooling rate and to determine the appropriate time available for compaction (TAC) using laboratory tests. This includes the study parameters, namely solar flux, base and ambient temperatures (daytime and night-time paving) and wind velocity, focusing on hot mix asphalt (HMA) asphalt concrete wearing with 14 mm nominal maximum aggregate size (ACW14) mix type for the wearing course and ACB28 mix type for the binder course. Samples were prepared in slab moulds 30.5 cm × 30.5 cm × 5 cm and compacted using a manually operated steel-roller. Readings were taken by averaging the temperature measurements at the middle and surface of the slabs and a temperature of 160 ºC was used as the mixing temperature. A control sample was prepared for each mix type and tested in the laboratory without the influence of wind velocity and solar flux. It was found that the cooling rate of HMA is significantly affected by environmental factors, thus influencing the TAC. The TAC tends to decrease by 15-50% during windy and night conditions but increases by up to 100% during daytime conditions compared to the control samples

Culture Bites : A reality of food truck in Klang Valley. Malaysia

Cleanliness is an important element towards customer’s satisfaction. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cleanliness attributes (product quality, food premise & food handlers' cleanliness) towards customers hygiene satisfaction. An online survey being conducted among 116 customers in Klang Valley. The data were analysed using SPSS Software version 26. Food premise, food handlers' cleanliness and product quality associated to customers’ hygiene satisfaction. Of all, food product quality was the most significant predictor. The results obtained may contribute to the cleanliness practices among food truck food handlers and as a basis for cleanliness practice for Malaysia Food Truck Association.  Keywords: Food truck; Cleanliness Attributes; Hygiene satisfaction eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI

Extension of dynamic source routing protocol in mobile ad hoc network

In a large dynamic network, data can be copied anywhere to make it fault tolerant and easy accessed but there must be an efficient protocol to manage the replicas and make sure the data is consistent and high in availability with a low communication cost. In this paper, we introduced a new protocol, named Diagonal Replication in Mesh (DRM) for data replica control protocol for a large dynamic network by using quorum and voting techniques to improve the availability and the communication cost because quorum techniques reduce the number of copies involved in reading or writing data.The protocol of DRM replicates data for large dynamic network by putting the protocol in a logical mesh structure and access consistent data by ensuring the quorum not to have a nonempty intersection quorum.To evaluate our protocol, we developed a simulation model in Java.Our results proved that DRM improves the performance of the response time compare to Three Dimensional Grid structure Protocol (TDGS)

Culture Bites: A reality of food truck in Klang Valley Malaysia

Cleanliness is an important element towards customer’s satisfaction. This study aims to investigate the relationship between cleanliness attributes (product quality, food premise & food handlers' cleanliness) towards customers hygiene satisfaction. An online survey being conducted among 116 customers in Klang Valley. The data were analysed using SPSS Software version 26. Food premise, food handlers' cleanliness and product quality associated to customers’ hygiene satisfaction. Of all, food product quality was the most significant predictor. The results obtained may contribute to the cleanliness practices among food truck food handlers and as a basis for cleanliness practice for Malaysia Food Truck Association

Food Contact Surfaces’ Hidden Secrets and Food Handlers’ State of Readiness

A guarantee for clean and safe food could be achieved when the standards of food hygiene at each preparation process and cooking practices are monitored and measured accordingly. This research examines the effectiveness of a self-regulatory practice in non-commercial residential establishments. The level of hygiene of cleaned food surface contacts was analysed through swab analysis. After a 24 hours incubation, the RIDA® count plates identified light blue colonies as total coliforms, demonstrating the existence of contamination across the majority of the selected food contact surfaces. This research, therefore, strongly encourage the application of a simple scientific tool to ensure accuracy and efficiency in the measurement of hygiene and sanitisation as it could affect the quality of life of the consumers. Keywords: consumer quality of life; food hygiene; food surface contact; food handler; the on-site premise eISSN 2398-4279 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v4i16.19